Framatome has begun operations at a new pilot production line for TRISO (Tri-structural Isotropic) fuel at its Romans-sur-Isère facility in France’s Drôme region, marking a major step toward establishing a domestic advanced-fuel capability within Europe’s nuclear sector.

TRISO fuel is renowned for its exceptional safety and heat-resistance characteristics. Each fuel particle contains a uranium oxy-carbide or uranium dioxide kernel encased in three concentric layers of pyrolytic carbon and silicon carbide (SiC). This multilayered “micro-containment” design allows the particle to retain integrity under extreme temperatures, preventing fission-product release—hence its reputation as a “meltdown-proof fuel.”

The new Framatome line will focus on producing TRISO fuel enriched up to 20 percent—classified as High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium (HALEU)—for use in advanced high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and modular reactor systems. Beyond fabrication, the line will serve as a qualification and process-development platform, refining manufacturing techniques, quality assurance and certification protocols necessary for future industrial-scale deployment.

In parallel, Framatome has entered a cooperation agreement with French start-up Blue Capsule Technology to jointly develop TRISO-particle qualification and fuel-element manufacturing for Blue Capsule’s high-temperature reactor projects. The collaboration represents a structural shift in France’s nuclear-fuel ecosystem—from conventional pressurized-water reactor fuel toward high-temperature, inherently safe fuel architectures.

Globally, TRISO fuel is emerging as a cornerstone technology for next-generation nuclear systems. Its ability to operate safely without complex high-pressure cooling systems enables simpler reactor designs and significantly lower operational risks. France’s new pilot facility positions the country among Europe’s first to establish industrial-level TRISO manufacturing capability.

Strategically, the initiative strengthens European energy autonomy and supports decarbonisation in heavy industries. Blue Capsule aims to leverage TRISO’s high-temperature performance to deliver carbon-free heat for chemical, metallurgical and hydrogen production processes—applications that are otherwise difficult to electrify.

Challenges remain, including regulatory approval timelines, HALEU handling requirements and the cost structure of initial production. However, as Europe advances its energy-transition agenda, domestic access to advanced nuclear fuel will become an essential competitive and strategic asset.

Framatome’s decision signals France’s intent to lead the next phase of nuclear innovation. By advancing TRISO fuel manufacturing at home, the company not only reinforces national energy security but also positions France at the forefront of global efforts to redefine nuclear power as a cornerstone of a low-carbon industrial future.